Ethylenically unsaturated di-and tetra-urethane monomers



United States Patent 3,297,745 ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED DI- AND TETRA-URETHANE MONOMERS Frank Feirete, Monroevillle, Patrick J. Keenan, Pittsburgh, and William J. Plant, Monroeville, Pa, assignors to H. H. Robertson Company, Pittsburgh, Pa, a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Filed Apr. 5, 1962, er. No. 185,785 18 Claims. (Cl. 260-471) This invention relates to polymerizable monomers and their preparation, their use and their copolymeric products.

More particularly this invention relates to polymerizable monomers which contain at least two ethylenically unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds and at least two we thane linkage-s. In general the present monomers are the reaction products of an organic diisocyanate with an ethylenically unsaturated alcohol. The monomers of this invention may be readily homopolymerized or may be copolymerized with suitable ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers such a styrene, vinyl toluene, diallyl phthalate, acrylates, methacrylates, unsaturated polyesters and the like.

The present monomers are prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate such as toluene diisocyanate with an ethylenically unsaturated alcohol having the empirical formula Ilh R2 C H O A O H wherein R is selected from the class consisting of -H and -CH R is selected from the class consisting of H; CH

and -C H and A is a divalent organic radical selected from the class consisting of -CH2-; (If 0 Citronand -CH2O CH:(|ZI-I;

O R3 R3 wherein R is selected from the class consisting of 2)nOII3; -cH2C1; 'CH2OCR4; CHgO(fiC|=CIIRz;

C H2O R4; and -CII2O CH2CI'IZCIIR2 wherein n is an integer from zero to ten; and

R is selected from the class consisting of phenyl and halogenated phenyl radicals, alkyl and halogenated alkyl radicals having from one to two carbon atoms, benzoxy, phenoxy and halogenated benzoxy and phenoxy radicals.

For each mol of the diisocyanate, two mols of the ethylenically unsaturated alcohol are utilized. The reactants are mixed and heated to a temperature above ambient room temperature, preferably below about 200 C. Usually the exothermic heat of reaction will be sufficient to complete the reaction. Where the reactants are solids, a suitable inert solvent may be employed such as benzene, toluene, xylene. The reactants are maintained at a reaction temperature until substantial completion of the reaction is indicated by a reduction of the N=C=O content to substantially zero.

The resulting monomer contains two urethane linkages 3,297,745 Patented Jan. 10, 1967 "ice and at least two ethylenically unsaturated carbon-to-carbon linkages:

wherein R is a divalent organic radical. In the preferred monomers, the ethylenically unsaturated linkages are terminal groups yielding divinyl monomers, i.e., the R radical is hydrogen. Where the ethylenically unsaturated alcohol contains two ethylenically unsaturated carbon-to-carbon linkages, the resulting monomer will contain four ethylenically unsaturated linkages.

The present product monomers, by virtue of their plural urethane linkages, possess superior resistance to corrosion when polymerized. The absence of unreacted hydroxyl groups in the present monomers introduces thermal stability into the homopolymers and copolymers.

By virtue of the plural ethylenically unsaturated carbonto-carbon linkages in the monomers, the present monomers may be readily cured through free radical catalysis.

In the preparation of the present monomers, some vinyl polymerization inhibitor should be incorporated into the reaction mixture to prevent premature polymerization of the monomers. Any of the well-known vinyl-polymerization inhibitors may be employed for this purpose, e.g., hydroquinone, quinone, toluhydroquinone, tert-butyl phenol, and the like.

EXAMPLES Example 1.-One mol allyl alcohol (58.01 g.) and onehalf mol toluene diisocyanate (87.0 g.) were mixed and developed a heat of reaction which raised the temperature of the mixtureto C. in four minutes. The reaction mixture contained about p.p.m. hydroquinone as a polymerization inhibitor. The reaction mixture was maintained at 80 C. for two hours until the N=@O content diminished to zero indicating substantial completion of the reaction. The product had the formula 0 0 H H oI-IFoHor-nooNrr HNO 0 oInoH=oH2 The product was a white, opaque crystalline solid at 30 C. The melting point range was 7283 C. The solid was insoluble in hot toluene. Infra-red analysis substantiated the structure.

When the present preparation was repeated in benzene as an inert solvent, the product crystals precipitated from solution at room temperature.

The toluene diisocyanate in this and subsequent examples was a commercial mixture of the 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate isomers.

Example 2.Thirty mols toluene diisocyanate (5220 g.) and sixty mols hydroxyethy'l met'hacrylate (7800 g.) were mixed. The heat of reaction raised the temperature of '80" C. in 25 minutes. The temperature thereafter was maintained at 80 C. for eleven hours. The final product had a -N=C=O content of zero indicating substantial completion of reaction. opaque solid having the formula The product was a white,

The product had a melting point in the range of 69- 71 C.

A mixture of nine parts product with one part styrene was a solid. A mixture of eight parts product with two parts styrene was a semi-solid. A mixture of seven parts product with three parts styrene was thixotropic. A mixture of equal parts product with styrene readily cured with benzoyl peroxide catalyst to a hard, thermoset resinous mass having a Barcol Hardness value of 50-55.

The product monomer when homopolymerized with ditertiary butyl peroxide had a heat distortion point of 180 C.

The starting vinyl alcohol (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) may be formed readily by reaction of methacrylic acid with ethylene oxide.

Example 3.'Fifteen mols 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2160 g.) and 7.5 mols toluene diisocyanate (1305 g.) were mixed. The heat of reaction raised the temperature to 75 C. in 18 minutes. The reaction mixture was maintained at 80 C. for six hours until the N=C-O content was zero indicating substantial completion of reaction. The product was a clear resinous syrup having the formula Seven parts by weight of the product monomer were mixed with three parts by weight styrene. The mixture copolymerized with benzoyl peroxide and diethanolamine as a catalyst with a gel time of 11 minutes and a peak exotherm of 165 C. The Barcol Hardness of the cured copolymer was 40-45 after one hour.

The product monomer was homopolymerized with 'benzoyl peroxide to give a hard, yellow, crystalline homopolymer having a Barcol Hardness of 45-50 after one hour. The heat distortion point of the homopolymer was 145 C.

The starting vinyl alcohol (2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) may be formed by reaction of methacrylic acid with propylene oxide.

Five parts by weight of the product monomer were mixed with one part by weight of methyl methacrylate. The mixture was stored for seventeen days and thereafter cured with benzoyl peroxide catalyst to yield a copolymer having a Barcol Hardness of 45-50.

Other samples of the product monomer were mixed respectively with percent styrene, 10 percent methyl methacrylate and cured to yield copolymers having Barcol Hardness values of 45-50.

Three parts by weight of the present monomer were mixed with one part by weight of the monomer produced in Example 1 and 0.8 part by weight styrene. That mixture copolymerized readily in the presence of benzoyl peroxide catalyst. The tensile and flexural moduli of the copolymer were greater than those of the homopolymers of the ingredients individually. The copolymer exhibited resistance to acetone, benzene and ten percent solutions of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

A further batch of the present monomer was prepared by mixing one mol 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (144 g.), one-half mol toluene diisocyanate (78 g.) in 20 percent by weight methyl methacrylate (57.7 g.) as a solvent. The reaction mixture heated to 46 C. and was maintained at 40 C. for ten hours until the -N=C O content diminished to 0.72 indicating substantial completion of reaction. The product was the present monomer dissolved in twenty percent methyl methacrylate as a copolymerizable solvent. The product solution was a clear syrup. After seventeen days storage, the product mixture was copolymerized with benzoyl peroxide to yield a hardened product having a Barcol Hardness value of -50.

Corrosion pr0perties.-The present monomer was mixed with twenty percent by weight of styrene and the mixture was copolymerized with benzoyl peroxide. The cured copolymer castings were suspended for seventyfive days in various reagents as follows:

10% sodium hydroxide at 210 F.

Acetone at room temperature Benzene at room temperature Concentrated hydrochloric acid at 210 F.

None of the castings exhibited visible decomposition; no film-formation or softening was observed. A similar casting suspended in concentrated acetic acid at 210 F. exhibited only fair resistance to deterioration.

A copolymer was prepared from 75 parts by weight of the present monomer and 25 parts by weight of the monomer of Example 1. The cured castings had a Barcol Hardness value of -55. The castings were suspended for seventy-five days in the following reagents:

10% sodium hydroxide at 210 F.

Acetone at room temperature Benzene at room temperature None of the casting exhibited any deterioration.

A copolymer was prepared from 75 parts by weight of the present monomer and 25 parts by weight of the reaction product of methacrylic acid and an epoxy resin of Bisphenol-A, the said reaction product having the following formula O H C H3 A copolymer was formed from the mixture by addition of benzoyl peroxide catalyst. The copolymer had a Barcol Hardness value of 45-50. The copolymer exhibited fair resistance to sodium hydroxide and good resistance to benzene.

Example 4.-One-half mol toluene diisocyanate (87 g.) and one mol 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate (144 g.) were mixed. The exothermic heat of reaction raised the temperature to 75 C. in six minutes. The reaction mixture was maintained at C. for 19 minutes and then diluted with 104 g. styrene.

The styrene solution of the product monomer cured readily with benzoyl peroxide to form a copolymer having a Barcol Hardness value of 35-40.

The product had the formula t it CH2=CHC OCHZCIIOCNII TING OCHCHzOCH CH;

The monomer appeared as a red-brown resinous syrup. exhibited a shelf life in excess of four months at room temperature.

The monomer, diluted with 30 percent methyl methacrylate, readily cured in the presence of benzoyl peroxide to form a copolymer having a Barcol Hardness of 42.

The starting vinyl alcohol may be formed by reaction of acrylic acid with butylene oxide.

Example 5.One-quarter mol toluene diisocyanate (43.5 g.) was mixed with one-half mol l-methacryloxy dodecanol-2 (157 g.). The exotherm raised the temperature to 98 C. The -N=C=O content diminished to zero after several hours heating at 80 C. The product had the formula it CNH l CroHzi The monomer readily homopolymerized in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. The starting vinyl alcohol may be formed by reaction of methacrylic acid with dodecene oxide -1,2.

Example 6.-One mol of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (167.5 g.) was heated in a kettle to 65 C. Onehalf mol toluene dissocyanate (87 g.) was added slowly dropwise to the kettle. The heat of reaction raised the temperature to 83 C. in fifteen minutes. The reaction mixture was maintained at 67 C. for five minutes and then diluted with 102 g. styrene. The styrene solution of the monomer cured to a clear casting upon addition of benzoyl peroxide as catalyst. The copolymer casting had a Barcol Hardness value of 41-44.

The monomer had the formula 0 0 H H H H CH2=CHCOCH2CHOGNH HNCOCHCHQOCCH=CHQ or-rioi CH2Cl out The starting vinyl alcohol may be formed by reaction of acrylic acid with epichlorohydrin.

The foregoing Examples 1-6 illustrate divinyl diurethane monomers of this invention. The following Examples 713 illustrate monomers having two urethane linkages and four ethylenically unsaturated carbon-tocarbon linkages. In Examples 7-13 the diisocyanate is toluene diisocyanate. The ethylenically unsaturated alcohol in Examples 711 is a reaction product of glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate with an acrylic-type acid. The ethylenically unsaturated alcohol of Examples 1213 is a reaction product of allyl glycidyl ether with an acrylictype acid.

Example 7.-A monomer according to this invention Was prepared by reacting one-half mole toluene diisocyanate (87 g.) and one mol 3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (214 g.). The product had the formula i O CH2OCCH=CH I-INOOCH It!) orI2ooC=oHi CH3 The starting divinyl alcohol may be prepared by reaction of glycidyl acrylate with methacrylic acid or by reaction of glycidyl methacrylate with acrylic acid.

Example 8.--One-quarter mol toluene diisocyanate 0 CITY-CH8 0 0 H2 6 The monomer had the following formula 0 0 (oI-rFo g 0 CH2) 20110 iNH I-IN(H1O oH(orrio i l o=oHm CH 3 CH3 Homopolymers of the product had a Barcol Hardness value of 58-62 and a heat distortion point of 240 C.

The monomer was mixed With 30 percent sytrene. That mixture was a semi-solid paste at room temperature. The copolymer cured with tert butyl hydroperoxide to develop a Barcol Hardness value of 45S0 and a heat distortion point of 211 C.

The monomer, when mixed with 45 percent by weight of styrene, had a jelly-like consistency.

A copolymerizablemixture of the iITl0l'1OII16I with an equal weight of 3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate readily cured with a gel time of 6 minutes and a cure time of 16.5 minutes. The peak exotherm was 200 C.

In the generalized formula, this monomer had the following values:

Example 9.-One-quarter mol toluene diisocyanate (43.5 g.) and one-half mol 3-crotonoxy-2 hydroxypropyl acrylate (107 g.) were mixed. The reactants developed an exothemn and formed the following product II II orr orI=oHo 0 CH: 0 onto 0 c H=CHCHS 0 ll ll 1 HO O-CNH HNC-O H (i) O (DI-C CH=CH2 CH2=CHCOCH2 0 II It (oHi=oHo 0 crime HO(UJNH trNoooI-Horrioo OI'I=CI*I2)2 Example 1I.One-qua-rter mol toluene diisocyanate (43.5 g.) was reacted with one-half mol 3-acryloxy-2- hydroxypropyl cinnamate (138 g.). The product monomer had the formula 0 H imoo o rrzon The product monomer was blended with 30 percent by weight styrene. The mixture cured readily to produce a copolymer having a Barcol Hardness of 30-35.

Example 12.A monomer according to this invention was prepared by reacting one-half mol toluene diisocyanate (87 g.) with one mo'l 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (136 g.). After three hours heating at 7 8 80 C., the N=C:O content was zero. The mono- 39, the dihydric compound is a bisphenol. In Examples rner had the formula 40-41, the dihydric compound is a dihydric phenolic compound.

Examples 15-20 illustrate the present monomers resulting from reaction of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with CHFCHCHzOCHz R 3 EIHOCHZCHZCH a diisocyanate formed by reaction of toluene diisocyanate rr O JNI-I nNo-o H 0 with a glycol. C OHZO (3:01.12 Example 15.One-half mol ethylene glycol (31 g.) on 0H3 l was mixed with one mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.) 2- a 3 and allowed to react to form the diurethane diisocyanate.

In O

OON HNJLJOCHQCIEOHJNH NCO The monomer did not cure in the presence of benzoyl CH3 CH3 peroxide. The monomer did cure with cumene hydro- Peroxide and cobalt naphthenate- The h P Y I To the product was added one mol hydroxyethyl developed a Barcol Hardness value 111 the range of 0-15. methacrylate (130 The resulting product had the Example 13.A monomer according to this invenf l 0 o 0 0 0 it ll U g g I! CH2C OCH2CH2OCNH HN 0011201 120 NH HN OCII2CIIzOCC=CIIz CH; 0H

tion was prepared by reacting one-half mol toluene di- The product monomer was mixed with percent by isocyanate (87 g.) and one mol 3-allyl0xy-2-hydr0xyweight styrene. The mixture readily copolymerized with pr py acrylate g-) After three hours heating at benzoyl peroxide to form a copolymer having a Barcol about 80 C., the N=C=O content was zero. The H rdne value of -40.

product had the formula 30 Example 16.One mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.) was reacted with one-half mol diethylene glycol (53 g.) 0 O to form a diurethane diisocyanate. One mol hydroxy- CHFOHgOCm O O cHzogjoHzoHg ethyl methacrylate (130 g.) was added to the product to g 6 produce a monomer having the formula II 11- NH HNCO H 35 O O CHFCHCHO CH3 HQOCHCIECH [or-rpot ioomomohNn uNhoornom-ho The product monomer was blended with 30 percent by weight of styrene. The styrene solution cured with 1 The Product monomer W35 dlhlted with 30 p ypercent cumene hydroperoxide and one-half percent coand the mixture cured readily to form a copolymer balt naphthenate to yield a copolymer having a Barcol havlng a Barcol Hardness Value Of H d f1() 15 Example 17.One mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.)

In the foregoing Examples 1-13 the diisocyanate has was reacted Wlth F' h3-hhty1ene glycol been toluene diisocyanate. The following Example 14 10 form a dlllfethahe dllsocyanateh 9 illustrates the present invention with a different diisohydroxyethyl methacl'ylate Was added to the fesultlng cyanate, namely, 3,3-bit 1 1 -4,4'-dii t isocyanate and the mixture heated until the N=C=O Example 14.-One-half mol 3,3-bittolylene-4,4-diisocontent reached zero. The resultant monomer had the cyanate (133 g.) was mixed with one mol hydroxyethyl following formula 0 II II II H l CHz=CCOCII2CHzOCNH HNCOCHzCIIzCIIO lINCOCIIzCIIzOJJ$=OlI2 CH3 H3 CH3 CH3 CH3 methacrylate (130 g.) The reactants developed an exo- The product monomer was diluted with 30 percent therm and formed a pasty-solid product having the formstyrene. The mixture cured readily to form a copolymer ula having a Barcol Hardness value of 30-35.

l i l l CHz=C o oornorhocNHHNo OCHzCIIzO C|=CH2 (5113 CH2 CH3 CH3 All of the foregoing Examples 1-14 have illustrated Example 18.One mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.), diurethane monomers according to this invention. The one-half mol 1,4-butene-2-diol (44 g.) and one mol hyfollowing Examples 15-41 illustrate tetraurethane mondroxyethyl rnethacrylate (130 g.) were combined as deomers according to this invention which utilize as the discribed to form a monomer having the formula l l l l l H CIh-O o OCHzCHzOCNI-I HNG OCII1CII=OIIC1I2O 0 NH IINC 0011 011 00 C=(|J1I CH CH3 CH3 CH3 isocyanate reactant a diurethane diisocyanate which is The monomer yielded a clear yellow homopolymer formed by reaction of toluene diisocyanate with a diwhen cured with benzoyl peroxide having a Barcol Hardhydric organic compound. In Examples 15-36, the diness of 35-40.

hydric organic compound is a glycol. In Examples 37- Example 19.A monomer according to this invention 9 was prepared by reacting one mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.), one-half mol, 2,3-butylene glycol (45.05 g.) and one mol hydroxyethyl methacrylate (130 g.) The -N=C:O content diminished to zero after 7.5 hours CH2=CHC OCHaCI-IO CNN heating at about 80 C. The product monomer had the formula 6 ti t CH =C[l COCIIZCI'IIQOONII HNC OCHCHOCNH CH CH; 0

0 0 II N 10 Example 22.One mol hydroxybutyl acrylate (144 g.) was mixed with one-half mol of the reaction product of toluene diisocyanate and ethylene glycol described in Example 21 (205 g.). The product had the formula II t i ll HNCOCH CHzOCNI-I rINoooHoHooI-r=orr1 gII CH; 0 3

The product monomer was dissolved in benzene. Upon addition of benzoyl peroxide to the benzene solution,

ll HNC OCH OHzO 0 0 0112 clear, hard coatings were prepared by spraying the benzene solution on steel plates.

Example 23.--A monomer was prepared by reacting two mols hydroxyethyl acrylate (200 g.) with one mol of the reaction product of ethylene glycol and toluene The following Examples 21-23 illustrate monomers of this invention utilizing as a diisocyanate reactant the diurethane reaction product of ethylene glycol and toluene diisocyanate, similar to that of Example 15.

diisocyanate described in Example 21 (205 g.). The reaction was carried out in 600 ml. benzene as solvent at a temperature of 71 C. The product monomer had the formula 0 0 CHFCHiiOOI-IQOHQOiiNH HNiioGmomoiiNH HNiioGIhoI-ho CIhCH,

CH CH3 Example 21.-Two mols toluene diisocyanate (348 g.) The following Examples 24-36 illustrate the present and one mol ethylene glycol (62 g.) were mixed in 600 tetraurethane monomers formed by reacting 2-hydroxyml. benzene as a solvent. The heat of reaction raised propyl methacrylate with the reaction product of toluene the temperature to 89 C. in 31 minutes. The reaction diisocyanate and various glycols. mixture was allowed to cool to 35 C. in 104 minutes. Example 24.A diurethane diisocyanate was prepared The product was a white, powdery solid recovered by by reacting toluene diisocyanate with 2-butene-l,4-diol. evaporating the benzene solvent. That diisocyanate Was One-half mol of that product (218.5 g.) was reacted with reacted with allyl alcohol. One-half mol of the diisoone mol 2-hydroxypropy1methacrylate (144 g.) at 51 C.

cyanate (205 g.) was mixed with one mol allyl alcohol (58 g.) in 600 m1. benzene as solvent. The mixture was 0 g H orr2=o 0 onto HO GNH 0 O l l CIIq-OHCHtO .NHl HN OCHQCHzOONH C H; CH

for 22 minutes. The N=C=O content diminished to zero. The monomer had the formula The pale yellow product crystallized at room temperature. The product cured with benzoyl peroxide as catalyst to yield a clear, glassy homopolymer having a Barcol Hardness of 5-10.

1 1 12 The monomer was diluted with 30 percent styrene and Example 28.One mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.) the mixture copolymerized to a clear, glassy copolymer and one-half mol 2,3-butylene glycol (45.05 g.) reacted having a Barcol Hardness value of 35-40. to form a diurethane diisocyanate which in turn was Example 25.A diisocyanate diurethane was prepared reacted with one mol 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (144 by reacting toluene diisocyanate and diethylene glycol as 5 g.) to form a monomer having the formula CH3 0 I! I II II II OIIrCoooIhOHodNH HNOOJJHOHOCNIT HNCO|7IIO1IOC$=CII1 II; II; II; on, on;

on on,

described in Example 16. One mol of that diisocyanate The monomer readily homopolymerized in the presence (454 g.) was reacted with two mols 2-hydroxypropyl of benzoyl peroxide to form a homopolymer having a methacrylate (288 g.) at 70 C. for 80 minutes. The Barcol Hardness value of -32.

product monomer had the formula Example 29.-One mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g),

o l u l n O OHFObOCI-IQCIIOHJNH HNCOGHzCHzOCHzCIIzOONI-I HNGOOHCIIZOJ JG=CIIQ H H H H 3 3 CH on. 3 a

The product was a white, Waxy, semi-solid material one-half mol 1,5-pentane-diol (52 g.) and one mol Z-hywhich homopolymerized readily with benzoyl peroxide droxypropyl methacrylate (144 g.) were reacted to form catalyst to yield a homopolymer having a Barcol Hardamonomer having the formula II I I! ll I CHFoCOOH OHOoNH HNCOQ-JI OONH HN( J0(I3I-ICI-I10OC=O1I,

OH; H; CH H3 OH; CH3

ness value of -40. Heat distortion point of the homo- The product monomer readily homopolymerized to polymer was 151 C. yield a homopolymer having a Barcol Hardness value of Example 26.One-half mol propylene glycol (38 g.) 5 ,0 was placed in a flask at room temperature. One mol 40 Exam 1 m Omar Wa re are toluene diisocyanate (174 g.) was added dropwise as the one molptiluene diisofylnate 2 i g Zi g 5 mixture developed an exotherm. Thereafter one mol 2- hydroxypropyl methacrylate (144 g.) was added and the propylene glycol (67 and 0116 It ol 2-hydroxypropyl mixture was maintained at until the o methacrylate (144 g.). After heating for nearly three content diminished to zero. The product monomer had hours at about the content was the formula The product was a solid. When diluted with 30 perminished to zero. The resulting monomer had the formcent styrene, the monomer readily formed a copolymer ula in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. The copolymer had a Barcol Hardness value of 30-35 in fifteen minutes.

| The heat distortion point of a homopolymer of the prod- [CHFCJJOCHZOHOLLNH HNOOCHOHPhO uct was 1s4.5 c. Ha CH H3 Example 27.One mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.), 3

One-half 11101 1,3-b11ty16n6 glycol and (H16 mol Example 31.-A monomer was prepared by reacting 2-hydroxypr pyl m t ryl g-) were reacted as one mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.), one-half mol polydescribed to form a monomer having the formula ethylene glycol 200 (100 g.) and one mol Z-hydroxyprou l l l u on -oooomonooNn IINJIOGIIzCHzCI-IOCNH IINCOCHGII O G=CIlE OH; H; H; 1 H 311 CH CH3 The homopolymer of the product was clear and glassy. pyl methacrylate (144 g.).Polyethylene glycol has the The monomer was mixed with 30 percent styrene. The following formula mixture cured with benzoyl peroxide to form a clear,

glassy copolymer having a Barcol Hardness of 30-35. HOCH (CH OCH CH OH wherein m is an integer from 3 to 165. Polyethylene a N=C-:O content of 16.56. Theoretical N=C=O glycol 200 has an average molecular weight of 200. content is 17.32. The resulting diisocyanate reacted The product monomer obtained in this example had readily with various vinyl alcohols according to this inthe formula vention.

ll H l ll ll ll om=oooorIiC1rooNH l-lNCOCHQ(CIT OCH2)mCHzOCNH TINCOGHCHQOCC GHQ on n CH CH on H wherein m is an integer from 3 to I65. One mol of the described diisocyanate (293 g.) was Example 32.-A monomer was prepared by reacting mixed with two mols 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate (288 one mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.), one-half mol g.) and heated at 70 C. until the N=C:O content neopentyl glycol (52 g.) and one mol Z-hydroxypropyl diminished to less than 4. The product monomer had methacrylate (144 g). The materials were reacted in the formula A homopolymer of the product developed a Barcol a solution of 158.5 g. styrene. The N=C=O content Hardness value of -35 in fifteen minutes. was zero after 3.5 hours heating at 80 C. The product Example 36.A monomer was prepared by reacting monomer had the formula one mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g), one-half mol tetra- I i I? l l t? om=oooomorro CNH two 0 01126 omo ONHI HNC 001101-1200 0:011: CH3 031-1 on in on H on; z -3 The solution of the product monomer in styrene had a chloro-xylylene gylcol (138 g.) and one mol 21hydroxy- Brookfield viscosity of 28,300 cps. The styrene solution propyl methacrylate (144 g.). The monomer had the formula 0 l O l l l OI'I2=C(||]OOII2OIIO CNH I'lN OCI-lz OHQOCNH HNO 0 (i HCI'IQOC (i=OH2 H H 11 H J 3 CH3 e11 3 a readily copolymerized to a thermoset m-ass having a Bar- The product monomer had a melting point range of col Hardness value of 30-35. 176-191 C. The product solidified after setting for 72 Example 33.A monomer was prepared by reacting hours at room temperature. one mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.), one-half mol In the following Examples 37-39 are illustrated mon- 3-methyl-1,5-pentane diol (59 g.) and one mol 2-hydroxyomers of this invention which utilize as a di-isocyanate propyl methacrylate (144 g). The product monomer reactant a product of the reaction between an organic had the formula diisocyanate and a bisphenol.

ll H H 6 ll l CH2=CCOCH2CHOCNH HNCOCQILCIHCQLOCNH IINCOGHCHEOJIJC=GHi CH H3 Example 34.--A monomer was prepared by reacting one mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.), one-half mol Example 37.One mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.) 2-ethoxymethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane diol (95 g.) and one was mixed wi-th one-half mol Bisphenol-A (114 g.) in mol Z-hydroxypr-opyl methacrylate. The monomer had 473 ml. benzene as solvent. The mixture included 0.5 the formula ml. hydrochloric acid. There was no apparent exotherm.

if ll 3 l i l cm oooorr ouooNrr BN0OCHzC(CHQCI-IKEHCHQOCNH I-INhoC1-IOH2ooo=GH2 CH3 $11; My I'I2OG2I'I5 C113 II; II;

CH CH The monomer readily formed a homopolymer with The mixture was heated to 80 C. for about two hours. benzoyl peroxide having a Barcol Hardness value of White powder precipitated from the benzene solution. 20-25.

On cooling overnight, the reaction was completed.

Example 35- A monomer Was prepared by reacting Thereafter one mol 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (130 o l 1 1 'th t l 1 to xylylene glycol was added dropwise to the toluene diisoture The mlxtum dejeloped an xotherm Whlcl} ralsed cyanate solution. The mixture was maintained at 64 C. the temperature to 50 The mixture was malntalned for 95 minutes. The product was a white powder having at 70 C. for 75 minutes until the -N=C=O content 15 diminished to zero. The product monomer had the formula C i it it (C1I3)2C[- ONH l-INOOCHzOII OOC=$Hfl CH CH Example 38.One half mol Bisphenol-A (114 g.) and one mol toluene diisocyanate (174 g.) were reacted as described in Example 37. Thereafter one mol 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (144 g.) was added and the mixture heated until the N=C=O content was zero. The product had the formula The product monomer cured in the presence of benzoyl peroxide to form a clear, rubbery homopolymer.

Example 39.A diisocyanate was prepared by reacting one-half mol hydrogenated Bisphenol-A (120 g.) with one mol toluene diisocyanate 174 g.) in 473 ml. benzene as solvent. The ingredients were maintained at 80 C. for five hours. Thereupon one mol hydroxyethyl methacrylate (130 g.) was added and the mixture was maintained at 80 C. for an additional two hours. The final N=C=O content was zero. The clear resinous benzene solution was evaporated to produce a white, opaque solid having the formula Ol n-CH9 h I H (CH3)2C[O ll: 1'10 OCNH HN OCHrCIIzOC C=C|H2l2 0 112-0 Hz C H;

r u r r r: t. CHz=CICOCHzCHOCNII T-INCO OCNII IINCOfiJHCHzOC$=CHz C113 41H; Z

CIT; 3

wherein R is a divalent organic radical. Toluene diisocyanate is a readily available diisocyanate in commerce. Other normally available diisocyanates which might be employed include:

1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate cumene-2,4-diisocyanate 4-methoxy-1,3-phenylene diisocyanate 4-chlor0-l,3-phenylene diisocyanate 4-bromo-l,3-phenylene diisocyanate 4-ethoxy-l,3phenylene diisocyanate 2,4-diisocyanato diphenyl ether 5,6-dimethyl-1,3-phenylene diisocyanate 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-phenylene diisocyanate 4,4'-diisocyanato diphenyl ether benzidine diisocyanate 4,6-dimethyl-1,B-phenylene diisocyanate 9,10-anthracene diisocyanate 4,4-diisocyanato dibenzyl 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanato diphenyl 2,4-diisocyanatostilbene 3,3-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanato phenyl methane 3,3-dimethoxy-4,4'-diisocyanato diphenyl 1,4-anthracene diisocyanate 2,5-fiuorene diisocyanate 1,8-naphthalene diisocyanate 2,6-diisocyanato benzfuran amyl benzene-2,4diisocyanate hexyl benzene-2,4-diisocyanate dodecyl benzene-2,4-diisocyanate butyl benzene-2,4-diisocyanate polymethylene diisocyanates, such as tetramethylene diisocyanate pentamethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate cycloalkylene diisocyanates, such as cyclohexylene-1,4-

diisocyanate hetero chain diisocyanates, such as (O=C=NCH CH O Alternatively the present diisocyanates may be prepared by the reaction of any of the above-diisocyanates or others with a glycol wherein two mols of the diisocyanate are reacted with one mol of a glycol, as, for example, the diisocyanate formed from reacting toluene diisocyanate with a glycol such as:

Ethylene glycol (Examples 15, 21, 22, 23); diethylene glycol (Examples 16, 25); triethylene glycol; polyethylene glycols (Example 31); propylene glycol (Example 26)", dipropylene glycol (Example hexylene glycol; 1,5- pentane diol (Example 29); 2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol; 2,2-

dimethyl-1,3-butane diol; 2-butene-1,4-diol' (Examples 18, 24); 1,3-butylene glycol (Examples 17, 27); 1,4-butane glycol (Example 20); 2,3-butylene glycol (Examples 19, 28); 2-ethoxymethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane diol (Example 34); 3-methyl-l,5-pentane diol (Example 33); neopentyl glycol (Example 32); xylylene glycol (Example 35); tetrachloroxylylene glycol (Example 36); and the like.

I if if il ll 0 OIIr= EOCIIzC|7IIOCNH lINCO OCNlI lINGOCIICHzOiXI3=CU2 C H; CH 31H; C H;

THE DIISOCYANATE The diisocyanate reactant of this invention may be any organic compound having the general formula Likewise the diisocyanates may be formed -by reacting any available diisocyanate with a dihydric phenol including monocyclic phenols, polycyclic phenols, polynuclear phenols, such as resorcinol (Example 40), catechol,

17 bisphenols (Examples 37, 38, 39); naphthalene diols (Example 41); and the like.

In general the diisocyanate compound is a monomer containing two N=C=O groups separated by a divalent organic radical.

ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED ALCOHOLS The ethylenically unsaturated alcohol of this invention has the generalized formula RzCH=(|3AOH R1 wherein R is selected from the class consisting of H and CH R is selected from the class consisting of -H; -CH3 and -C5H5; A is a divalent organic radical selected from the class consisting of a t t -CH2; CHzOOHzCI-I; and -COCH2CH; wherein R is selected from the class consisting of CH2OCHzCI-I=CHRz; 431-1203;; and CH2o( iR4; wherein n is an integer from zero to ten; and R is selected from the class consisting of phenyl and halogenated phenyl radicals, alkyl and halogenated alkyl radicals having from one to two carbon atoms, benzoxy, phenoxy and halogenated benzoxy and phenoxy radicals.

In the generalized formula, where R is hydrogen, the

resulting compound of this invention is a divinyl monomer. I Where R is CH the resulting compound is a dicrotyl monomer.

Where A is CH the resulting compound is either dicrotyl or dicinnarnyl monomer.

Where A is the starting ethylenically unsaturated alcohol may be prepared by reaction of an unsaturated acid (acrylic, methacrylic, cinnamic, crotonic) with ethylene oxide (Examples 2, 14 through 20, 23, 35, 37, 39); propylene oxide (Examples 3, 24, 26 through 34, 38, 40, 41) butylene oxide (Examples 4, 22); octalene oxide; dodecene oxide (Example 5); or epichlorohydrin (EXample 6). Alternatively the starting alcohol may be formed by reaction of glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl cinnamate, glycidyl crotonate with acrylic acid (Example methacrylic acid (Examples 7, 8); crotonic acid (Example 9); cinnamic acid (Example 11); acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, phenol, halogenated acetic acid, halogenated propionic acid, halogenated phenols and the like.

Where A is the starting ethylenically unsaturated alcohol may be formed by reaction of allyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, octalene oxide, dodecene oxide or epichlorohydrin. Alternatively the starting ethylenically unsaturated alcohol may be formed by reaction of allyl glycidyl ether, crotyl glycidyl ether, cinnamyl glycidyl ether with acrylic acid (Example 13); methacrylic acid (Example 12); crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, acetic acid, chlorinated acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, phenol and the like.

The starting ethylenically unsaturated alcohols normally are inhibited in storage against vinyl polymerization by means of conventional polymerization inhibitors such as hydroquinone, quinone, tert-butyl catechol, toluhydroquinone and the like. Usually the inherent amount of the polymerization inhibitor will be sufiicient to prevent polymerization from occurrying during the monomerformation reactions of this invention. Where indicated, additional polymerization inhibitor may be utilized during the monomer-formation reactions and in the resultant product monomer for storage purposes.

A partial listing of ethylenically unsaturated alcohols which have been found suitable in the present diurethane monomers includes:

Z-hydroxyethyl acrylate 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate 2-hydroxyoctyl acrylate 2-hydroxydodecanyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-allyloxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-cinnamylpropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3- o-chlorophenoxy propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-(p-chlorophenoxy)propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3- 2,4-dichlorophenoxy propyl acrylate Z-hydroxy-3-acetoxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-propi0noxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-chloroacetoxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-dichloroacetoxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-trichloroacetoxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-benzoxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3- o-chlorobenzoxy propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3- p-chlorobenzoxy propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3- 2,4-di-chlorobenzoxy propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3- 3 ,4-dichlorobenzoxy propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3- 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy propyl acrylate 2'hydroxy-3- o-chlorophenoxyacetoxy propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxyacetoxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3- p-chlorophenoxyacetoxy propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetoxy)propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-(2,4,S-trichlorophenoxyacetoxy)propyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-crotonoxypropyl acrylate 2-hydroxy-3-cinnamyloxypropyl acrylate In addition to the foregoing enumerated acrylates, it will be apparent that the methacrylates, cinnamates and crotonates are suitable in the present monomer preparations.

Other suitable alcohols include the reaction products of allyl glycidyl ether with allyl, crotyl and cinnamyl alcohols.

MONOMER FORMATION The present monomers are formed by combining two mols of the ethylenically unsaturated alcohol with one mole of a suitable diisocyanate. Excess alcohol may be utilized to promote the completion of reaction. However we have found that the use of excess alcohol tends to decrease the Barcol Hardness of the homopolymers and oopolymers of the product monomers.

The mere mixing of thetwo reactants presents an exothermic reaction which in many instances generates sufiicient heat for the completion of the reaction. The reactants are maintained at an elevated temperature above ambient room temperature until the N=C==O content of the mixture is reduced to substantially zero indicating substantial completion of the reaction. Excessive temperatures should be avodide to discourage gelation. In

19 general we prefer to conduct the present reaction at temperatures between about 25 C. and 200 C.

Where the starting materials or the product is a solid, it may be desirable to utilize an inert solvent in the reaction mixture. Benzene, toluene and xylene have been found useful for this purpose, especially where the diisocyanate is aromatic.

Where the monomer is to be blended with another copolymerizable monomeric ethylenically unsaturated material for use as a copolymerizable mixture, it may be desirable to utilize the polymerizable monomer as the solvent for the reaction system in which the present monomer is formed. In some instances, styrene and methyl methacrylate have been utilized as the solvent in the reaction system. The solvents are inert with respect to the diisocyanate and will not react with the ethylenically unsaturated alcohol in the absence of a suitable freeradical catalyst, at least so long as a suitable quantity of polymerization inhibitor is present in the system. See Examples 32, 40.

UTILITY The product. monomers possess at least two ethylenically unsaturated carbon-to-carbon linkages which serve as sites for polymerization. The monomers in addition possess at least two urethane linkages which introduce corrosion resistant properties into the homopolymers and copolymers.

The present monomers are homopolymerizable in the presence of suitable initiators such as benzoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and the like. Suitable accelerators may be added such as dimethyl aniline.

The present monomers likewise are copolymerizable with ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the prior art such as styrene, vinyl toluene, divinyl benzene, diallyl phthalate, unsaturated polyesters, alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, ethylenically unsaturated silicones and the like.

We claim:

1. A polymerizable divinyl diurethane monomer having the formula [oHFoiiooHzOHoiiNH]z-R 3 wherein R is a divalent organic radical selected from the class consisting of o i and -HN ORO(iNII (3H CH3 wherein R is a divalent organic radical selected from the class consisting of alkylene radicals, a-rylene radicals, polyalkylene ether radicals and alkarylene radicals;

R is selected from the class consisting of H and R is selected from the class consisting of H CH O C (I]=OH2 R1 and n is an integer from zero to ten.

2. A polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated tetrauethane monomer having the formula wherein R is a divalent organic radical selected from the class consisting of alkylene radicals, arylene radicals, polyalkylene ether radicals and alkarylene radicals;

R is selected from the class consisting of H and R is selected from the class consisting of --H; CH

and C6H5;

R is selected from the class consisting of ll omo CHzOHR; and on20 o 0:01111,

and n is an integer from zero to ten.

3. The ethylenically unsaturated tetraurethane monomer of claim 2 wherein R is derived from a glycol selected from the class consisting of ethylene glycol xylylene glycol diethylene glycol propylene glycol polyethylene glycol dipropylene glycol 1,3-butylene glycol 1,4-buty lene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol 2-butene-1,4-diol 1,5-pentane diol neopentyl glycol 3-methyl-1,5-pentane glycol 2-ethoxymethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane diol and tetrachloroxylylene glycol.

hydroxyethyl acrylate and methacrylate 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and methacrylate 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate and methacrylate 2-hydroxydodecanyl acrylate and methacrylate 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and methacrylate.

6. The tetravinyl tetraurethane monomer of claim 2 wherein the radical 0 R2CH=$ OCHz(|1HO- R1 R3 is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated alcohol selected from the class consisting of 3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, methacrylate, crotonate and cinnamate;

3-methacryloxy-Z-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, crotonate and cinnamate;

3-crotonoxy-2-hydroxypropyl crotonate and cinnamate;

7. The compound CH2=C iioomoHioc i NH 0 II II Nrrooomomoo o=om 113 CH; CH;

8. The compound 15. The compound II 1? I CHFC ooomono N1; NBC 0 OHOHgOC c=cH= [CH1=(| OCH1CH:0( JNH NH( 1 0CH:CII:I:-O

Ha Ha Ha a CH CH3 5 CH;

9. The compound II 6 I? n n 0H,=(|3 0 oomomocNn NHCOCQH4OCNH NHOOCHQCHQOPJ CH=OH1 OH; H

10. The compound 0 0 CH=C oocmcHo CNH NHOOOH OHaOCNH NEH 0 Onomoc (5:011,

H8 H; H CH 11. The compound 16. The compound [CH2=OGOGH2CHOJ5NH NHOOCHg-lr-C(CIT;)

12. The compound a CH; 0 0 a a [CH:'=C oomcno NH NHCOCHr-lg-CH,

Ha 17. The compound 0 0 13. The compound 0 O O [CH2=ZCOCH2EHOONH NHCOOHOHz]z-O II II I! [CHFCCOCHgCHO CNH NHC o ,-0 0H, 1

18. The compound a a H: H:

O O O 0 CHFCCOCHzOHOH/NH NHEOCHQ(CHQOOHI)IDOHQO(IJNH NHCOCHCH9C=CH 14. The compound wherein m is an integer from 3 to 165.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,394,592 2/ 1946 Chenicek 260471 XR 2,395,750 2/1946 Muskat et a1. 260471 XR 2,556,437 6/1951 Mowry et a1 260471 XR 2,695,913 11/1954 Bloch et a1 260471 2,734,911 2/1956 Strain 260471 2,806,051 9/1957 Brockway 260'-471 2,856,386 10/1958 Smith et a1 26077.5 2,958,704 11/1960 Dinsbergs et a1. 260471 XR 2,969,386 1/1961 McEIroy 260471 XR 3,028,367 4/1962 OBrien 26077.5

LORRAINE A. WEINBERGER, Primary Examiner.

LEON ZITVER, Examiner.

M. S. JAROSZ, L. A. THAXTON, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A POLYMERIZABLE DIVINYL DIURETHANE MONOMER HAVING THE FORMULA 